Victory goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake
May 22, 2017 Leave a comment
I was getting the error “(13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied” after deploying a static website in Apache webserver.
Solution:
Apache could not access those directories because of the SELinux security settings. Execute the below command
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t <document directory>
March 9, 2017 1 Comment
This code snippet will help you to get the list of all running EC2 instances across all regions in an AWS account. I have used python boto3 package for developing the code. This code will dynamically pick up all the aws ec2 regions. So the code will work perfectly without any modification even if a new region gets added to the AWS.
Note: Only the basic api calls just to list the instance details are mentioned in this program . Proper coding convention is not followed . 🙂
January 8, 2017 Leave a comment
Sometimes we might need a unique id from a raspberry PI. We don’t have to worry about generating a unique id for every device. There is a simple way to use an already existing unique number within the device. The serial number of the chip will be good enough to use as a unique key.
The following command will give the details of the cpu. We can find a serial number from this details and can be used as a unique id.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a02082 Serial : 00000000xxxxxxxx
Hope this info is helpful. !!
September 29, 2016 Leave a comment
/etc/fstab contains information about the disks. It has the details about where the partitions and storage devices should be mounted. We usually configure automount, disk quota, mount points etc in this fstab.
Inorder to test the entries or modifications in fstab without restart the following commands will be helpful
mount -a
The above command will mount all the filesystems mentioned in the fstab. This is just like a refresh command to activate the entries in fstab.
mount -fav
The above command will help if you don’t want to apply the modifications in the fstab and want to validate the entries only. This will just fake the entries in the fstab without applying the changes. This is a very useful command.
May 24, 2016 1 Comment
Nowadays majority of us are using some cloud services. Amazon Web Services is one of the popular provider among all the other cloud service providers. Just like we upgrade our harddisk or mounting new drives to physical machines, we can attach new block storages to Amazon EC2 also. Amazon provides a service called EBS (Elastic Block Storage). There are various types of EBS with various speed and cost. Example are magnetic, SSD etc.
Attaching a new EBS to a running EC2 instance is very simple. We can do this programatically as well as using the console. Here I am explaining the basic steps to perform this operation using the console.
May 23, 2016 Leave a comment
To disable the SELinux by modifying /etc/sysconfig/selinux file, we have to perform a reboot. In some cases, we may not be able to perform a reboot because this involves a downtime of the system. In this situations we can disable SELinux by using a simple command. This will not disable SELinux permanently. The effect will last until the next reboot, but you have the option to edit the selinux file so that it will be in the disabled state even after the reboot also. The steps for disabling selinux permanently are explained in my previous post.
The command the check the status of SELinux is given below.
sestatus
This may show enforcing or permissive or disabled. In permissive mode, SELinux will not block anything, but merely warns you. The line will show enforcing when it’s actually blocking.
To disable the SELinux temporarily we can use the following command. This has to be executed as root or using sudo.
setenforce 0
After this command execution we can check the status of selinux using sestatus command. If it is permissive, we are good to go. 🙂
May 23, 2016 Leave a comment
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a security architecture integrated into the 2.6.x kernel using the Linux Security Modules. It is a project of the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and the SELinux community. SELinux integration into Red Hat Enterprise Linux was a joint effort between the NSA and Red Hat.
Most of the application needs SELinux to be turned off. Turning off selinux is simple. You can use the following steps to turn off selinux in RHEL or CentOS 6 and 7 operating systems.
Open the file /etc/sysconfig/selinux . The contents will be similar as below.
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
The contents are self explanatory. Change the value of SELINUX as disabled and save the file. Then reboot the system.
May 14, 2016 Leave a comment
“A beginning programmer writes her programs like an ant builds her hill, one piece at a time, without thought for the bigger structure. Her programs will be like loose sand. They may stand for a while, but growing too big they fall apart.
Realizing this problem, the programmer will start to spend a lot of time thinking about structure. Her programs will be rigidly structured, like rock sculptures. They are solid, but when they must change, violence must be done to them.
The master programmer knows when to apply structure and when to leave things in their simple form. Her programs are like clay, solid yet malleable.”
— Master Yuan-Ma, The Book of Programming
